Smoking became a significant political issue beginning with a shocking event in 1964 — First Surgeon General's Report: Smoking and Health. The Johnson Administration’s Surgeon General Dr. Luther L. Terry’s report came to what was then an astounding conclusion: “smoking causes cancer." The implications were staggering since the administration needed the tobacco growing states on its side, not to mention the industry’s money. To say that smoking was not only a multi-billion dollar year industry but a way of life would be understatement.
Joseph Califano, the senior domestic policy aide to President Lyndon Johnson, said, "It was a very dramatic and courageous thing to do." Califano also said, "We wanted to get schools integrated, the voters' rights act passed, fair housing passed. And all of those things required us to take on the whole phalanx of Southern states." Therefore, the Johnson Administration did not want to deal with the implications of the report by directly addressing them.
When I turned fourteen in 1964, I looked forward to taking up smoking as a grown up kind of thing. At the time almost half of all Americans smoked and they did it everywhere — restaurants, theatres, airplanes, offices. Television and movie stars smoked and cigarette advertising was everywhere. Magazines, newspapers, radio, television, billboards, movie theatres all benefited from cigarette ad revenue. Even television cartoons had cigarette sponsors.
In my parents’ time, during the print and radio advertising era, icons like Santa Claus and actors like president-to-be Ronald Reagan lit up. Medical doctors endorsed cigarette brands for “patients who smoke.” In my time, millions of dollars went into television commercials which created their own icons, like the Marlboro Man. Fred Flintstone and Barney Rubble lit up Winston’s. That is until Congress passed and President Richard Nixon signed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act on April 1, 1970. When it went into effect on New Year’s Day 1971, television lost $220 million a year in revenue.
More money is being spent today on tobacco advertising in anti-smoking campaigns. It is just that those ads may not be working the way they are intended. Many that use disturbing images are designed to scare people so that they don’t smoke. Present research, however, shows that such a strategy either does not work or may backfire.
Article comments
1 - Cindy D
Good article Tommy. The video of Fred and Barney smoking...wow. I had forgotten the days of smoking on TV until Christmas. My sister got a video of old Christmas specials. On I Love Lucy, Ricky explained about Santa to little Ricky while holding the cigarette he was smoking right near the boy's face. It was strange to see.
2 - Doug Hunter
It's just smoking for now, next comes food, then GPS tracking on vehicles followed by embedded trackable ID tags in every human. Perhaps in a thousand years we'll end up in some coccoon like in the matrix, enslaved not by misguided technology but our own fears.
Freedom to do only the right things isn't really freedom at all.
3 - Silas Kain
I make no apologies for smoking. America was built on the backs of sharecropping tobacco farmers. Without tobacco and slavery we would be just another Third World country. Now I know smoking is bad for me and I wish I could quit but those darned sin taxes are helping keep Massachusetts afloat. Smoking? It's patriotic.
4 - Glenn Contrarian
"Smoking is patriotic"?
Y'know, there's two people very close to me - my mother and my uncle - who have each smoked for at least fifty years...but the sum total of the cigarette taxes they've paid cannot have been anywhere near the amount of taxpayer-funded health care that they've received for illnesses and ongoing conditions due to smoking. What makes the problem worse is that both of them are on 24-hour oxygen and can do almost nothing for themselves. They can't even bathe themselves.
I compare my mother and my uncle to my mother-in-law who, even though she is OLDER than either my mother or my uncle, is STILL commuting by herself by bus and ferry and another bus to Seattle every week to a JOB that she's been holding for the past ten years.
So Silas, while there ARE smokers who have grown old and are still in decent health, the MAJORITY of the time the taxpayers pay out FAR more to take care of smokers in their old age than those smokers EVER paid in 'sin taxes'.
5 - Clavos
Execute the smokers, they cost too much money to maintain, and will all die anyway.
As an added benefit, we'll reduce the population considerably.
6 - Cindy D
Clav,
That is amazing. I was just writing something along the same lines. Then I gave it up.
7 - Cindy D
I smoke. But that's because I'm a hypocrite.
8 - Silas Kain
I'm a member of the 4-H club: Hedonistic Homo Heretical Hypocrite. That being said, I know smoking is a scourge and though my intellect tells me it is bad my physical self craves the nicotine. Those who smoke know there is nothing better than a cigarette after a hearty meal or incredible sex. Perhaps 2009 will be the year I quit, stranger things have happened. But in the meantime I'll keep smoking because the way I look at it I'm going to get killed in the impending Civil War because I'm one of those left wing nutbags the Right wing wants dead anyway.
9 - Clavos
I dunno, Silas. As others have pointed out in the past on this and other threads, the old labels just don't work well anymore.
Case in point: I find myself agreeing with your comments far more than disagreeing, and yet, I'm a "Right Wing nutbag."
Go figure.
10 - Dr Dreadful
Well, I live in California where smoking is banned in most public places and the world hasn't ended. While I understand that this can be hard for dedicated puffers, I do enjoy being able to go into a bar or restaurant and not come out smelling like an incinerator.
I'm usually also fine in Las Vegas, where smoking in public buildings is legal, but the casinos generally have such efficient air conditioning systems that one barely notices the smoke.
I happen to think smokers just look silly. It's not natural to think of it that way because it's so widespread, but if you look at smoking in a certain way, it really is a daft thing to do.
But - there's no law against looking silly. I also think that guys who lift their trucks 20 feet up in the air on a custom chassis that was designed for a dock crane and wheels that look as if they've been nicked from the vehicle that moves the space shuttle to its launch pad, and then drive around in the firm belief that they look cool, are deluding themselves so severely they should probably be detained for mental health assessment. But, as Jet is fond of saying, that's just my opinion.
I'm fine with smoking so long as some numbskull doesn't carelessly blow a cloud of smog all over me and act like there's nothing wrong with that. (And no, Stan, I'm not one of those people who will make a point of crossing over from the other side of the beer garden just to cough at you!)
11 - Silas Kain
Well, Clav, I take that as a complement. I really don't have much against Right wing nutbags except for the rabid ones like the late Jerry Falwell and my favorite target - Larry Craig.
Like most of my LGBT friends I am VERY conservative in my thinking with regard to government. The vocal LGBT community really is a small part of the entire picture. I wish more of us who are not on the Left came out and talked about our values. They don't differ all that much from the Conservative point of view. To me most Log Cabin Republicans are a better representative of LGBT-ville.
12 - Cindy D
Dr.D,
The last time I was in CA, a few years ago, I was surprised that I was allowed to smoke on the outdoor deck of a restaurant in Newport Beach. I thought they lynched smokers in CA.
My uncle wondered why laws banned smoking instead of regulating air quality.
I don't want to smoke and I plan to get over the addiction soon. If for no other reason than giving up being a hypocrite. But not looking silly is a good reason too.
13 - Clavos
Well, Clav, I take that as a complement.
That's how it was meant.
Like most of my LGBT friends I am VERY conservative in my thinking with regard to government.
As are most of my LGBT friends. For the most part, they are successful small business owners who understand the value of entrepreneurship and independence, while retaining (as do I) a "liberal" viewpoint regarding societal issues.
14 - Glenn Contrarian
I really didn't care much about second-hand smoke until I came home from work one day and my wife asked me to wash my hands, then rub my hands in my hair, and then smell my hands.
My hair stunk like cigarettes (I've smoke two cigarettes in my life)...and this helped me realize that each and every day, I'm breathing in that same crap into my lungs, and the same smoke that was sticking to my hair was sticking inside my lungs.
Try the same experiment sometime that you're around people smoking for a while....
15 - Dr Dreadful
There seems to be something in our family's genes that renders us not very susceptible to tobacco.
I've never smoked - not even an experimental drag.
My Dad, a lifelong smoker, abruptly quit one day in his mid-50s, without any apparent withdrawal symptoms or other ill-effects, and never smoked again.
When he was about 14, my brother was bought a pack of 10 one day by a mate of ours who was old enough to get away with it. According to our friend's account, he lit one up, liked it, finished off the rest of the entire pack within the space of about 45 minutes - and as far as I know has never smoked since.
16 - Glenn Contrarian
Doc -
On the other hand, I was given a few puffs when I was a child and didn't think much of it...but when my friend convinced me to smoke one back in the 90's, as soon as I finished it I felt the want, the need to smoke another one. That scared me, and I'll never do it again.
But you're right - some of the addiction problem is genetic...but tobacco's still more addictive than many illegal drugs (and deadlier than, say, marijuana).
17 - Cindy D
I don't know how people could like their first cigarette. Mine almost killed me. I had to force myself to smoke.
18 - Dr Dreadful
Cindy,
I think you got unlucky. If your experience was generally true then hardly anyone would smoke. For the same reason that hardly anyone eats poop.
19 - bliffle
I remember well when cigarette smoking was considered normal. Most people smoked, except, of course, my parents (who were intrinsically weird anyhow, as we all knew), so me and my cohorts started smoking sometime in high school.
Yes, it was distressing that so many famous people, celebrities, politicians, etc., were dieing in their 50s from lung cancer, but that wasn't enough to stop us. What finally stopped me was that I didn't want to smoke around my children and thus get them smoking. So, I became as weird as my own parents and quit.
It seems to have worked, only one of the kids smokes occasionally.
Now that I'm old and none of this matters anymore, I sometimes have a small cigar, out in the open someplace where there are no people, with a cup of strong coffee, perhaps a sip of wine. I usually put it out after less than a half is finished. The thrill is gone.
20 - Tommy Mack
Happy Surgeon General Day, one and all. On this date in 1964, U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry issued the first government report saying "smoking may be hazardous to one's health."
Tommy