The story of Brundibár’s composition and performance is one of grief, sadness, and outrage, as well as, devotion, faith, and generosity. The word brundibár is colloquial Czech for bumblebee and as character represents a malevolent organ grinder and title of a children's opera composed by Jewish Czech composer Hans Krása with libretto by Adolf Hoffmeister.
The children’s tale was performed by the children incarcerated in the Terezin (Theresienstadt) concentration camp in occupied Czechoslovakia. The vast majority of Terezin’s population, including Krása and many of the children who took part in the 56 performances of Brundibár were subsequently shipped to Auschwitz to be murdered.
Krása and Hoffmeister originally composed the opera in 1938 for a Czech arts competition that was subsequently cancelled due to Fascist political developments during the period. The opera was rehearsed in the Prague Jewish orphanage in 1941. At the time, the orphanage served as a temporary educational facility for children who were separated from their parents by the war. The opera was first performed in the winter of 1942 at the orphanage contemporary with composer Krása and set designer Frantisek Zelenka being transported to Terezin. By summer 1943, nearly all of the children and orphanage staff had found their way to Terezin courtesy of Germany’s National Socialists. Only Hoffmeister was escaped.
Reunited in Terezin with his original cast, the composer reconstructed the full score adapting it to the musical instruments and musicians available in the camp: flute, clarinet, guitar, accordion, piano, percussion, four violins, a cello and a double bass. Zelenka once again designed a set and the opera was readied for performance. On September 23rd, 1943 Brundibár premiered in Terezin and was performed 55 times in the following year.
Subjugated for German propaganda purposes, Brundibár was staged as a special performance in 1944 for representatives of the Red Cross, who inspected the living conditions in the camp. Prior to this special performance, many of Terezin’s inmates were sent to Auschwitz to reduce crowding during the Red Cross visit.
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